Lesson 17 (II). Biochemistry of muscular, nervous, and connective tissues

Individual work

Student of _____ group

_______________________________________________

^(name)

Lesson 17 (II). Biochemistry of muscular, nervous, and connective tissues.

1. Underline by blue the lipids that present in higher quantity in gray matter of a brain and by red those present in higher quantity in white matter.

cholesterol                                 sphingomyelin                    cerebrosides

phosphatidylserines                               phocphatidylethanolamines

phosphatidilcholines                              gangliosides                                   plasmalogens

2. Write the general formula of sphingomyelins.

 

 

3. Where the oxygen consumption is more: in a tissue of a brain or in muscles? In how many times? _____________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the basic substrate of oxidation in a brain? _____________________

5.1. Fill in the scheme of glutamate metabolism in brain.

2			+ NH3
1	+ NH3             – H2O	Glutamate
3	+ NADН2   ® – NAD
			– CO2

5.2. Name the enzymes catalyzing the reactions:

1 – ____________________________________________

2 – ____________________________________________

3 – ____________________________________________

5.3. What is the function of substances generated in the second and third reactions in nervous tissue?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

6. Give an example any of biogenic amine (draw its formula, name the immediate precursor of the it in the organism).

 

7. Write the formula of acetylcholine. From what substance it is derivated in the organism? ___________________________ Name the enzyme catalyzing breakdown of acetylcholine. ________________________________________________________________________

 

8. What are "endorphins, encephalins"? _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

9. In figure write the titles of structure elements of a sarcomere.

 

3

10. Mark in figure the structural parts of myosin by the corresponding numbers.

1 _________________________

_________________________

2 _________________________

2

_________________________

1

3 _________________________

_________________________

Indicate in figure places of split of myosin by trypsin and papain.

11. Name the basic energy sources in muscles. What way of ATP synthesis is the most prompt? Mark it by red colour.

1) __________________________________

2) __________________________________

3) __________________________________

4) __________________________________

12. What amino acids are initial for the synthesis of kreatin? _____________________________. Name the enzymes that necessary for synthesis of kreatin from these amino acids. _________________________________________________________________________

13. Write the reactions of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of kreatin.

 

14. Write the formulas of hyoxylysine, hydroxyproline, desmosines ring.

 

15. Write the formulas of disaccharide unites of the following glycosaminoglycans.

 

 

          hyaluronic acid                                                       dermatan sulfate

16. Designate in figure by numbers the corresponding structural parts of proteoglycans.

 

1. Hyaluronic acid.

2. Link proteins.

3. Cor-proteins.

4. Keratan sulfates.

5. Chondroitin sulfates.