Сегодняшнее поколение политологов пережило, возможно, самые значительные политические события нашего века: распад Советской империи и глобальную волну демократизации. Этот вывод подспудно присутствует во всех главах данной книги. Упомянутые события затронули самую глубинную суть многих из наших размышлений о природе участия граждан в политике и функционировании политического процесса. До этого обычно изучались демократические системы, находившиеся в состоянии относительного равновесия, и рассуждение шло о том, как такое равновесие создавалось (или как оно постепенно менялось). Более того, в период первых двух «волн демократизации» инструментарий эмпирического исследования в социальных науках не позволял изучать напрямую политическое поведение. Нынешняя «демократическая волна» дала действительно уникальную возможность обратиться к вопросам формирования политических идентичностей, создания политических культур (и, возможно, изменения культурного наследия), осуществления пред-
варительного подсчета голосов и динамики взаимосвязи политических норм и поведения. Ответы на эти вопросы не только объяснят, что же произошло в ходе третьей «волны демократизации», но и помогут лучше понять фундаментальные принципы поведения граждан в демократическом процессе.
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