2015-07-21
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II. Match the meanings of these terms with their definition:
| deck, wrought iron, cantilever, lattice, caisson, truss, stress, masonry, girder |
1. a stonework
2. watertight chamber for underwater construction work
3. framework supporting a roof, bridge
4. pressure or tension
5. tough malleable form of iron suitable for forging or rolling, not cast.
6. a horizontal structure member supporting vertical loads by resisting bending. 7. an assembly of smaller pieces arranged in a gridlike pattern; sometimes used a decorative element or to form a truss of primarily diagonal members.
8. the top surface of a bridge which carries the traffic.
9. a structural member which projects beyond a supporting column or wall and is counterbalanced and/or supported at only one end.
III. Choose the correct preposition:
Bridge building (for, in, with, by) masonry, arches supported (on, with, through, in) slender piers, the construction (on, with, by, of) arches (as, in, with, by) the cantilevering method, a viaduct (in, by, of, across) trussed-girder design (along, according to, with, on) the rail line, timber deck was replaced (into, by, with, instead of) a steel deck, the strength (in, of, off, by) cast iron (in, with, on, through) compression, horizontal timbers connected (with, by, in, without) a network (of, with, across, in) diagonal planks.
IV. Put the correct form of the words into the sentences:
| Though extremely…, wood has one obvious disadvantage – it…. Wernwag's Colossus, destroyed by fire in 1838, is but one example of many … wooden bridges lost in this manner throughout history. There was another material, however, whose use at the end of the 18th century offered bridge engineers an … to the traditional materials of timber, stone, and brick. Although it had first been used in antiquity, iron was the miracle material of the … Revolution. The Greeks and Romans had used it to … stone pediments and columns in their temples and iron links had been forged by the Chinese and used in … bridges. | versatility burning outstand alternate industry reinforcement suspend |
V. Every person whose name was mentioned in the text contributed much into bridge building history. Try to recollect their achievements: Squire Whipple, Hans Grubenmann, Charles Labelye, Roebling, James Buchanan Eads, Robert Stephenson
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VI. Continue completing the table:
| № | The period and the country | Type(s) of the bridge | Materials used | Difficulties |
| 1. | Beam bridge | |||
| 2. | stones | |||
| 3. | Ancient Asia | |||
| 4. | The Middle Ages | |||
| 5. | The Renaissance | |||
| 6. | The 18th century | |||
| 7. | The 19th century |
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