Territorial varieties of English pronunciation. Received pronunciation

Varieties

American British

Canadian Australia

USA New Zealand

India

Britain (North, West, South)

Received pronunciation is a standard for the English language. There are 4 types of RP:

1) Conservative RP (used by older generation);

2) General RP (used in mass-media);

3) Advanced RP (used by younger generation of upper classes);

4) Near RP (used by intelligence).

Variant of pronunciation in the South-East Britain is considered to be the closest to RP.

Lexicology: aims, tasks and connections with other branches of linguistics. General problems of a word

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics dealing with the theory of a word. Lexicology is subdivided into general (considers vocabulary irrespective of any particular language) and special (considers vocabulary of a particular language). The basic task of lexicology is the study and systematic description of the vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use.2 main approaches considering lexicology: synchronic (vocabulary at some particular period of time) and diachronic (development of vocabulary in the course of time).

1) Lexicology is closely connected with phonetics because they have the same object of studies, they both studies the word, but phonetics studies the outer form and lexicology studies the inner form of the word.

2) Lexicology is connected with grammar because lexicology studies words and grammar studies the grammatical relations between words and how words are combined into phrases and sentences. Meaningful communication is not possible without knowing the grammar rules.

3) Lexicology is connected with the history of language because the history of language studies the changes and the development of the vocabulary in the course of time.

4) Lexicology is connected with stylistics because stylistics studies the differentiation of the vocabulary according to the sphere of communication.

5) Lexicology is connected with the sociolinguistics because sociolinguistics studies the extra linguistic and social causes of the changes in the vocabulary of a language.

Subbranches of lexicology:

1) Morphology – studies structure of a word;

2) Semaseology – studies the meaning of a word;

3) Phraseology – studies phraseological units and idioms;

4) Lexicography – studies compiling dictionaries;

5) Etymology – studies origin of a word;

6) Functional styles – studies the sphere of use of a word.