Умберто Эко «Остров накануне»
5. Pick out trite and live metaphors from the word combinations below. Explain the logic of the meaning transfer:
cabbage moth caterpillars / Caterpillar track;
wings of vultures / vultures from the media;
snail shell / at a snail’s pace;
branch of a bank / branch of a tree;
tulip bulb / light bulb;
the ray of sun / the ray of hope;
flood waters / floods of refugees;
a summer storm / storm of protest;
a flight of swallows / flight of fancy;
gleam of gold / gleam of mirth;
shadow of a tree / shadow of a smile.
6. Translate the cases of stylistic metaphor:
1. My body is the frame wherein ‘this (thy portrait) held (W. Shakespeare). 2. As his emotions subsided, these misgivings gradually melted away. 3. “And winds are rude in Biscay’s bay” (G. Byron). 4. Mr. Dombey’s cup of satisfaction was so full at this moment, however, that he felt he could afford a drop or two of its contents, even to sprinkle on the dust in the bypath of his little daughter. (Ch. Dickens). 5. “I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent” (W. Shakespeare). 6. In a cavern under is fettered the thunder, It struggles, and howls at fits … (P.B. Shelley). 7. … the indignant fire which flashed from his eyes, did not melt the glasses of his spectacles (Ch. Dickens). 8. “She (fame) is a gypsy ” (J. Keats).
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(From Гальперин А.И. Очерки по стилистике английского языка)
7.* The metonymical change may be conditioned by various connections such as spacial, temporal, causal, symbolic, instrumental, functional, etc. Establish the model of transfer in each case:
a) material – the thing made of it;
b) part – whole;
c) instrument – product;
d) symbol – thing symbolized;
e) receptacle – content;
f) place – people occupying the place;
g) individual – the class;