State the difference in the pragmatic aspect of meaning of the given synonyms. Consult a dictionary

face – visage – mug – deadpan;

nose – snout – beak – nasal cavity;

I think – I gather – I presume – I take it – I guess it – me thinks;

boy – youth – lad – young male person – youngster – teenager;

lass – girl – maiden – wench – young female person;

nonsense – absurdity – rot – trash;

legs – pins – lower extremities;

Silence, please! – Stop talking! – Shut your trap!;

friend – comrade – pal – buddy – acquaintance;

Hurry up! – Move on! – Hasten your step!;

happen – occur – transpire – befall – chance;

porridge – oatmeal;

dropping – ellipsis;

steal – loot – pinch – embezzle – hold up.

2.* Break up the following words into formal, informal and neutral:

plausible, plank, possible, to inform, fella, to tell, thine, to assist, to help, to cooperate, baccy, to work, to promote, to secure, smeller, to make, skunk, hoody, to determine, mollycoddle, do-less, to resolve, to wish, gaffer, to endeavour, to try, to proceed, to go, to inquire, to ask, aforesaid, herewith, radge, hereby, albeit, drifter, teahead, poppycock, crap.

3.* Which unit is the odd one out in each of the following sets of formal words?

a) war hysteria, escalation of war, overwhelming majority, a storm of applause, post attack cleanup, broadband link, global hunt for terrorists, a shot of power;

b) comme il faut, tete-a-tete, en route, coup d’etat, carte blanche, a la carte, haute couture, blitzkrieg, idée fixe, alter ego, perestroika, foster-child, sari, rupee, samosa, dacha, samovar, décolletage, décolleté;

c) bard, brow, brine, haply, perchance, eve, lone, amidst, o’er, ne’er, mead, gladsome, vale, gale, dale, male, main, wrought, thee, naught, ere, array, robe, garment, apparel, ‘reverie, swain, vernal, ire;

d) methinks, troth, thee, thy, aye, nay, moon, upskill, pallet, foe, woe, steed, behold, hast, morn, eve, damsel, errant, oft, kin;

e) venture capital, assets, liabilities, investment portfolio, collateral, interest rate, installment, to break even, bucks, to avert risk, merchant bank, initial public offering.

4. Define the sphere of usage of the given terms:

abdominoplasty, solid compound, chambers, mesotherapy, obesogenic, retronym, leapfrog appeal, property tort, trustee, probation officer, common law, court of appeal, hyphenation, paraphrase, bandage, syntagma, barrister, Michaelmas term, rhinoplasty, coinage, rheum.

5.* Discriminate between terms and professionalisms:

venture capitalist, business angel, a loan shark, seed capital, to generate money, to assess risks, to raise money, dead parrot, equity, capital gains, blue chips, to go in the red, to float a loan, to bull the market, bear market, godfather offer, rainmaker, yellow dog.

Make a list of terminological word-combinations from your course of “Business English”. Prove that they are terms. Give examples of those which (1) coincide with the words of the general language; (2) are specific to economics. Find some polysemantic terms in your list, if any.

8. Identify the stylistic status of the italisized vocabulary units, translate them:

a) Viola: “There is a fair behaviour in thee, Captain,

And though that nature with a beauteous wall

Doth oft close in pollution, yet of thee

I will believe thou hast a mind that suits

With this thy fair and outward character

I prithee – and I’ll pay thee bounteously –

Conceal me what I am, and be my aid

For such disguise as haply shall become

The form of my intent …”

(Shakespeare “Twelfth Night”, Act I, Sc. 2).

b) The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20: 3-17):

1. I am the Lord thy God, thou shalt have no other Gods before me.

2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain.

4. Remember the Sabbath day, keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do thy work: But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God.

5. Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.

6. Thou shalt not kill.

7. Thou shalt not commit adultery.

8. Thou shalt not steal.

9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.