Negative full form

I have not done You have not done He has not done She has not done It has not done We have not done You have not done They have not done

Negative short form

I haven't (I've not) done

You haven't (You've not) done
He hasnt (He's not) done

She hasn't (She's not)done it
It hasn't (It's not) done

We haven't (We've not) done You haven't (You've not) done They haven't (They've not) done

Uses of 'do' as a full verb

10.44.1 'Do' = 'perform an activity or task'

Do often has the sense of 'work at' or 'be engaged in something'. 'Doing something' can be deliberate or accidental. We can use verbs other than do to answer questions like What are you doing?: What are you doing?

- I'm reading (i.e. that's what I'm doing) What did you do this morning?

- / wrote some letters (i.e. that's what I did) What have you done?

- I've broken this vase (i.e. that's what I've done)

We often use do in this sense with some'any/no compounds: Haven t you got anything to do? I ve got nothing to do

We can use do to refer to an unnamed task and then we can refer to named tasks by means of other verbs:

/ did a lot of work around the house today I took down the curtains and washed them and I cleaned the windows 10.44.2 The use of 'do' to avoid repeating a previous verb

We can use do to avoid repeating a previous verb [> 4.18]: Antonia works 16 hours a day I don't know how she does it Take the dog for a walk - I've already done it/done so

We can avoid repeating the verb in short answers, such as: Shall I take the dog for a walk? - Yes, do./No, don't. [> 9.53] (i.e. take/don't take the dog for a walk)

10 Be, Have, Do

'Do' = 'be in the wrong place'

Used in this sense, do often conveys disapproval, e.g.

- of present results of past actions: What are those clothes doing on the floor? (i.e. they shouldn't be there)

- of people: What are those boys doing in our garden? (i.e we disapprove of their presence, not their actions)

'Do'before gerunds

We can use do + gerund to refer to named tasks: I've done the shopping/the ironing/the washing up We did all our shopping yesterday I do a lot of swimming (in preference to 'I swim a lot.') / stayed at home last night and did some reading