1 When a sentence contains be (auxiliary or full verb), have (auxiliary or sometimes full verb when have = 'have got'), or a modal auxiliary (can, etc), we form the negative by putting not after the auxiliary affirmative He is leaving negative He is not leaving /He s not leaving /He isn't leaving
2 If there are a number of auxiliaries in the same sentence not always goes after the first one affirmative He could have been delayed negative He could not/couldn't have been delayed
13.4.2 The formation of negative statements with 'do', 'does' and did'
Do not (don’t) does not (doesn’t) (simple present) and did not (didn’t) (simple past) go after the subject to form negative statements with other verbs The verb that follows do/does/did + not is always in the form of a bare infinitive [> 16.1] simple present affirmative I/You/We/They turn left here
negative I/You We/They don't turn left here
affirmative He/She/It works well negative He/She/It doesn't work well
simple past affirmative I /You/He/She/It/We/They stayed in
negative 1/You/He/She/lt/We/They didn't stay in 13.4.3 Be', 'have' and modals compared with 'do/does' and 'did'
Note that do is not normally required in affirmative sentences and is not used to form tenses in the same way as be and have 1 Affirmative statements
Subject auxiliary predicate
You re working too hard
You ve eaten too much
You may stop now
You work too hard
You - ate too much yesterday
2 Questions | ||
auxiliary Are Have | subject you you | predicate working too hard? eaten too much? |
May Do | I I | stop now? work too hard? |
Did | I | eat too much yesterday? |
13 Questions answers negatives
3 Negative | statements | ||
subject | auxiliary | not | predicate |
/ | am | not | working too hard |
You | have | not | eaten too much |
You | may | not | go out |
I | do | not | work too hard |
I | did | not | eat too much yesterday |
Yes/No questions and Yes/No short answers
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Form of Yes/No questions and Yes/No short answers
Yes/No questions affirmative and Are you ready? Yes I am Is he leaving? Yes he is Were you ill? Yes we were |
Negative short answers
be[>10 6] |
No I'm not
No he s not/he isn't
No we weren t
have [> 10 27]
Have you finished? Yes I have
Has she left? Yes she has
No I haven"t No she hasn t
do [> 10 41] Do you like it? Yes I do No I don't
does Does it work? Yes it does No it doesn't
did Did you paint it? Yes I did No I didn't
modals [> 11 5] Can I see him? Yes you can
No you can't