Сравнение (simile)

троп, к-й сравнивает несхожие сущности. Опознавательные признаки “like”, “as”, “as though”, “as like”, “such as”, as... as”, to resemble, to remind of. She is like a rose. Beautiful like a rose - < выразительно, т.к. уже определяет признак.

С. выражает интенсивность представлений, а метафора – интенсивность чувств, т.к. признак прямо не выражен.

С. бывают языковые/узуальные (eats like a bird – выраз.ср-во) и речевые (His muscles are hard as rock. (T.Capote) – изобр.ср-во)

He stood immovable like a rock in a torrent. (J.Reed)

The conversation she began behaved like green logs: they fumed but would not fire. (T.Capote)

Maidens, like moths, are ever caught by glare. (Byron)

Other words live but a short time and are like bubbles on the surface of water - they disappear leaving no trace of their existence. (I.R.G)

His mind was restless, but it worked perversely and thoughts jerked through his brain like the misfirings of a defective carburettor. (S.Maugham)

Логическое сравнение(logical comparison) – сравнение двух объектов, принадлежащих к одному классу. She is like her mother. He talks French like a born Frenchman – л.с. -||- like a machine-gun – с.

Парадокс и оксюморон (paradox, oxymoron)

Парадокс (paradox) – неожид.суждение, к-е противоречит здр.смыслу. Высказывается оригинальная мысль:

Less is more.

All animals are equal. But some animals are more equal.

Оксюморон (oxy’moron) – вид парадокса, троп, состоящий в соединении двух контрастных по значению слов (обычно содержащих антонимичные семы), раскрывающий противоречимость описываемого. В основе сем.несочетаемость:

”low skyscraper”, “sweet sorrow”, “nice rascal”, “pleasantly ugly face”, “horribly beautiful”, “a deafening silence from Whitehall” (The Morning Star)

”The Beauty of the Dead”, “to shout mutely”, “to cry silently”, “the street damaged by improvements” (O.Henry), “silence was louder than thunder” (J.Updike)

O brawling love! O loving hate! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick heath! (W.Shakespeare)

You have two beautiful bad examples for parents. (Sc.Fitzgerald)

And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. (A.Tennyson)

He had a face like a plateful of mortal sins. (B.Behan)