Exercise 1. Answer the following questions

1. What accelerates the global warming?

2. How has the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions been estimated?

3. Do the levels and effects of CO2 emissions depend on the altitude?

4. What results in the climate cooling effect?

5. What results in the warming effect?

6. Do all aircraft powered by combustion release some amount of soot?

7. What do figures from British Airways suggest?

8. What organisation aggregates and quantifies the climate impact of aircraft emissions?

9. What is the contribution of aviation in anthropogenic climate change now?

10. What will the contribution of aviation in anthropogenic climate change be in the future? (Say 2050).

Exercise 2. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct false statements.

1. The contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions has been estimated at around 2%.

2. CO2 emissions from aircraft-in-flight are the most significant and best understood element of aviation's total contribution to climate change.

3. The most significant is the release of soot and sulfate particles.

4. All aircraft powered by combustion will release some amount of soot.

5. Per passenger kilometre, figures from British Airways suggest carbon dioxide emissions of 0.1 kg for large jet airliners (a figure which does not account for the production of other pollutants or condensation trails).

6. The central case estimate is that aviation’s contribution could grow to 8% of the total contribution by 2050 if action is not taken to tackle these emissions, though the highest scenario is 35%.

7. The IPCC has estimated that aviation is responsible for around 3.5% of anthropogenic climate change, a figure which includes both CO2 and non-CO2 induced effects.

8. Contrails are extremely rare from lower-altitude aircraft, or from propeller aircraft or rotorcraft.