The Internet

Науки.

Science.

Science is important to most people living in the modern world for a number of reasons. In particular, science is important to world peace and understanding, to the understanding of technology, and to our understanding of the world.

Science is important to world peace in many ways. On one hand, scientists have helped to develop many of the modern tools of war. On the other hand, they have also helped to keep the peace through research, which has improved life for people. Scientists have helped us understand the problem of supplying the world with enough energy; they have began to develop a number of solutions to the energy problem – for example, using energy from the sun and from the atom. Scientists have also analysed the world's resources. We can begin to learn to share the resources with knowledge provided to us by science. Scientists studies the Universe and how to use its possibilities for the benefit of men.

Science is also important to everyone who is affected by modern technology. Many of the things that make our lives easier and better are the results of advances in technology and if the present patterns continue, technology will affect us even more in the future than it does now. In some cases, such as technology for taking salt out of ocean water, technology may be essential for our lives on Earth.

The study of science also provides people with an understanding of natural worlds. Scientists are learning to predict earthquakes, are continuing to study many other natural events such as storms. Scientists are also studying various aspects of human biology and the origin and developments of the human race. The study of the natural world may help improve life for many people all over the world.

A basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people to find their way in the changing world.

Наука важна для большинства людей, живущих в современном мире по ряду причин. В частности, наука имеет важное значение для мира и понимания, к пониманию технологий и в наше понимание мира.

Наука имеет важное значение для международного мира во многих отношениях. С одной стороны, ученые помогли разработать многие из современных средств ведения войны. С другой стороны, они также помогли сохранить мир посредством проведения исследований, который имеет улучшенные жизни людей. Ученые помогли нам понять проблемы обеспечения мира достаточно энергии, у них начали развиваться несколько вариантов решения энергетической проблемы - например, с помощью энергии от солнца и из атома. Ученые также проанализировали мировые ресурсы. Мы можем начать научиться делиться ресурсами с знания, предоставленные нам наукой. Ученые изучает Вселенную и как использовать его возможности в пользу мужчин.

Наука также важно для всех, кто зависит от современных технологий. Многие из вещей, которые делают нашу жизнь проще и лучше будут результаты достижений в области технологий, и если настоящий моделей продолжаются, технология повлияет на нас еще больше в будущем, чем это происходит сейчас. В некоторых случаях, таких, как технология для принятия соль из воды океана, технология может иметь важное значение для нашей жизни на Земле.

Изучение науки также дает людям понимание природного миров. Ученые учатся предсказывать землетрясения, продолжаем изучать много других природных явлений, таких как штормы. Ученые также изучают различные аспекты человеческой биологии и возникновения и развития человеческого рода. Изучение мира природы может помочь улучшить жизнь многих людей во всем мире.

Базовые знания в области науки имеет важное значение для всех. Она помогает людям найти свой путь в меняющемся мире.

The Internet, a global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in the 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive the nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example) information will just route around them. One such packet-switching network, which has already survived a war, is the Iraqi computer network, which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the USA, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month.

The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people who have access to the Internet use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World Wide Web, telnet, FTP and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunication systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its coast to connect to a larger service provider and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its coast of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive – Chinese computer-aided design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i. e. “in the clear”. But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the Internet?

2. What was the Internet originally designed for?

3. What country are most of the Internet host computers in?

4. What is the most popular Internet service?

5. Whom do you have to pay for sending e-mail message?

6. In what case will commercial use of the Internet drastically increase?

7. When may encoding programs be useful?