X. Выделите ключевые предложения абзацев

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

По практике устной и письменной речи

Для студентов дневной формы обучения

(английский язык)

Текст №1

I. Найдите в словаре русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, которые понадобятся вам для работы с текстом, и выучите их: to erect, compressive strength, to consume, revival, application.

II. С помощью словаря переведите следующие словосочетания и составьте с ними собственные предложения, не прибегая к помощи текста: earth's capital deposits of, a poor heat conductivity, for constructional purposes.

III. Прочитайте, устно переведите и предложите свое название текста. Обоснуйте свой выбор:

All the buildings erected nowadays are of two main types: they are intended either for housing or industrial purposes. The main building materials are timber, stone (brick), concrete, steel, light metals, glass and plastics. Timber was one of the first materials to be used by man for constructional purposes. It is highly probable that it will be one of the last. Timber is unique among the materials of construction. It will be available when the earth's capital deposits of iron, coal, clay and the rest have been consumed. The buildings made of stone or brick are durable and fireproof, they have a poor heat conductivity.

Concrete made with natural hydraulic binders was used in antiquity, particularly by the Romans. After the decline of the Roman Empire the art of making concrete has been forgotten, and the revival came much later.

Portland cement was produced more than a century ago. From the time of its first production there was a steady and gradual improvement in its compressive strength. Reinforced concrete is hardly 100 years old, but its practical application in building began only 90 years ago. Today reinforced concrete is used in all civilized countries as one of the most important building materials. One of the essential properties of concrete is its compressive strength.

IV. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения: construction, constructional purposes, last, durable and fireproof, heat conductivity.

1. Timber was one of the first materials to be used by man for...

2. It’s highly probable that it will be one of the...

3. They have a poor...

4. The buildings made of stone are...

5. Timber is unique among the materials of...

V. Составьте предложения из следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. when, the earth's, it, be, available, will, capital deposits, iron, of, coal, and, the rest, clay, have been consumed.

2. brick, they, a poor, heat, of, stone, the buildings, are, durable, made, or, and, have, fireproof, conductivity.

3. of, is, unique, timber, among, construction, the materials.

VI. а) Выделите ядро из следующего предложения по схеме:

S-P-(O)-(A)

Subject →	Predicate →	(Object) →	(Adverbial Modifier)
подлежащее	сказуемое	(дополнение)	(обстоятельство)

или S-Р₁Р₂-(О) - (А);

Subject →	Predicate₁ Predicate₂→	(Object) →	(Adverbial Modifier)
подлежащее	изменяемая неизменяемая часть сказуемого	(дополнение)	(обстоятельство)

б) переведите ядро данного предложения на русский язык;

в) переведите предложение целиком: All the buildings erected nowadays are of two main types: they are intended either for housing or industrial purposes.

VII. Письменно переведите абзац: “The main building materials are... have been consumed”.

VIII. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями:

1. All the buildings erected nowadays are of four main types.

2. The main building materials are timber, brick, concrete, steel, light metals, glass and plastics.

3. Timber isn't unique among the materials of construction.

IX. Соедините слова левой колонки с подходящим определением в правой и составьте свои предложения с этими словами:

1. clay	1. a yellowish cement made from a burned mixture of clay and limestone
2. Portland cement	2. not changing
3. steady	3. produced by nature
4. natural	4. make or become better
5. to improve	5. earth that becomes hard when baked

X.Выделите ключевые предложения абзацев.

XI. Определите тему текста и сформулируйте его идею.

XII. Письменно кратко изложите содержание текста на русском языке.

XIII. Задайте 10 вопросов к тексту.

XIV. Перескажите текст.

Текст № 2

I. Найдите в словаре русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, которые понадобятся вам для работы с текстом, и выучите их: elastic, strength, hardness, to depend, to vary.

II. С помощью словаря переведите следующие словосочетания и составьте с ними собственные предложения, не прибегая к помощи текста: electrical conductivity, chemical composition, application of materials.

III. Прочитайте, устно переведите и предложите свое название текста. Обоснуйте свой выбор:

Various engineering materials are used in engineering practice. In studying engineering processes we must know the characteristics of engineering materials. It's important to know them because they affect manufacture and application of materials. The characteristics of a material are its qualities: strength, hardness and elasticity. They depend upon the chemical composition and the physical structure of the material.

If we take lead and nickel, for example, we see that they have a similar crystalline structure, but a different chemical composition. On the other hand, if we take diamonds and graphite, we find that they have the same chemical composition, but that their physical structures are quite different.

Metals vary in density, hardness, heat and electrical conductivity and weight. The most widely used metals are: steel, aluminium, copper, lead, tin. The most important metal is iron.

IV. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения: iron, engineering practice, engineering materials, materials, qualities.

1. They affect manufacture and application of...

2. The characteristics of a material are it’s...

3. The most important metal is...

4. It’s important to know the characteristics of...

5. Various engineering materials are used in...

V.Составьте предложения из следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. the physical structure, and, the chemical composition, upon, the material, of, they, depend.

2. of, it, important, is, them, to know, they, because, affect, and, manufacture, application, materials.

3. is, iron, the, most, metal, important.

VI. а) Выделите ядро из следующего предложения по схеме:

S-P-(O)-(A)

Subject →	Predicate →	(Object) →	(Adverbial Modifier)
подлежащее	сказуемое	(дополнение)	(обстоятельство)

или S-Р₁Р₂-(О) - (А);

Subject →	Predicate₁ Predicate₂→	(Object) →	(Adverbial Modifier)
подлежащее	изменяемая неизменяемая часть сказуемого	(дополнение)	(обстоятельство)

б) переведите ядро данного предложения на русский язык;

в) переведите предложение целиком: Various engineering materials are used in engineering practice.

VII. Письменно переведите абзац: “Various engineering materials...and the physical structure of the material”.

VIII. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями:

1. It isn't important to know the characteristics of engineering materials because they affect manufacture and application of materials.

2. They depend upon the chemical composition and the physical structure of the material.

3. The most important metal is gold.

4. Metals vary in density, hardness, heat and electrical conductivity.

5. Lead and nickel haven't a similar crystalline structure.

1. application	1. different
2. various	2. way in which something is organized
3. structure	3. a special or practical use
4. similar	4. meaning much
5. important	5. of the same sort