III. Is it true or false?

1 2 3 4 5 6

There are four basic personality types, or temperaments.

The great Greek physician Hippocrates made the first description of temperament in 500 BC.

All people tend to have one particular temperament.

Sanguine is a strong but unbalanced type.

Choleric is hot-tempered that’s why he often has conflicts with people.

The only lack of phlegmatic is his impatience.

Melancholic is weak and unbalanced type of personality.

IV. Insert the missing words:

Greek physician Hippocrates made … in 400 BC.

Sanguine is … for new business.

As well as sanguine choleric is … of personality.

Phlegmatic … at the large troubles.

… forces melancholic to lower his hands.

V. Complete the following sentences:

There are four main …

Hippocrates named the four temperaments "Melancholic”, "Sanguine", "Choleric", and "Phlegmatic" after …

Several different classifications of temperament …

Sanguine has the raised activity and …

Choleric is rather unbalanced …

The lack of phlegmatic is his inertness due to which …

The smallest difficulty forces melancholic to …

VI. Find in the text sentences with these words and translate them:

human body fluids, vigorous, hot-tempered, inert type, weak.

VII. Sum up the contents of the text by answering the following questions:

How many basic personality types are people divided into?

When did the great Greek physician Hippocrates make the first description of temperament?

Hippocrates named the four temperaments after various human body fluids, didn’t he?

What are the main features of sanguine?

What are the differences between choleric and sanguine?

What is the lack of phlegmatic?

Which type of personality is weak and unbalanced?

VIII. Read the text. Translate it into Russian.

Temperament and activity

In order to be successful every teacher should know temperaments of his pupils. It will help him to adapt his teaching to their differences.

Before sanguine it is necessary constantly to put new interesting tasks, to include his activity and to encourage his efforts. Choleric regularly needs the change of task and break, because he quickly gets tired. It is necessary to involve phlegmatic in the vigorous activity and to interest him. He demands regular attention to himself. Phlegmatic also cannot be quickly switched from one business to another. A teacher shouldn’t be sharp or rough to melancholic. It’s better to support him and praise all his successes.

LESSON 7

I. Read and translate the following international words. Mind the pronunciation.

physiology, psychiatrist, concentrate, neurophysiology, director, analyze, idea, psychoanalysis, traditional, immigrate.

II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes.

psyche – psychiatry – psychiatrist

conscious - consciousness - unconsciousness

move - movement

understand - understanding – misunderstanding

science - scientist – scientific

fame - famous

III. Active vocabulary:

erchant - торговец

research - исследование

ward - отделение

fiancée - невеста

setup – основать, открыть

consciousness - сознание

unconsciousness - бессознательное

affect - влиять

mind – разум, душа

movement – направление

psychoanalysis - психоанализ

fame - слава

cancer - рак

IV. Read and translate the text:

SIGMUND FREUD

(1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud was born 1856 in a small town Freiberg in the family of a wool merchant. When he was five the family moved to Vienna, where he lived most of his life. Freud went to medical school and began a research work under the direction of a physiology professor Ernst Brucke.

Under the influence of Brucke and the great French psychiatrist Charcot Freud concentrated on neurophysiology. After spending a short time as a neurologist and director of a children's ward in Berlin, he came back to Vienna, married his patient fiancée Martha Bernays, and set up a practice in neuropsychiatry.

Freud analyzed both his patients and himself, trying to know more about consciousness and unconsciousness. The scientist realized that some of ideas that affect people are unconscious – we do not know about them even though they are in our own minds. This movement was called psychoanalysis and brought Freud fame as well as misunderstanding from the traditional scientific community.

Freud immigrated to England just before World War II when Vienna became an increasing dangerous place for Jews, especially ones as famous as Freud. Not long afterward, he died of the cancer of the mouth and jaw that he had suffered from for the last 20 years of his life.

Exercises:

I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:

a wool merchant, moved to Vienna, began a research work, under the influence, a children's ward, married his fiancée, set up a practice, consciousness and unconsciousness, affect people, in our own minds, scientific community, died of the cancer.

II. Suggest the English for:

семья торговца шерстью, переехать в Вену, исследовательская работа, под влиянием, сосредоточиться на, открыть практику, сознание и бессознательное, психоанализ, слава и непонимание, иммигрировать, влиять на людей, умереть от рака.

III. Express agreement or disagreement with the following using:

Yes, you are right (= it is correct)

No, you are not right (=you are wrong)

Freud began a research work under the direction of a physiology professor Ernst Brucke.

Under the influence of Charcot Freud concentrated on psychiatry.

Freud analyzed both his patients and himself, trying to know more about consciousness.

Psychoanalysis brought Freud fame and success.

Freud immigrated to Germany just before World War II.

VI. Find in the text sentences with these words and translate them:

a research work, concentrated on, consciousness, affect, psychoanalysis, dangerous place.

V. Complete the following sentences in Russian and translate them into English:

Фрейд начал свое исследование под руководством …