2018-02-14
463
Передмова
Метою “Методичних вказiвок” є формування впродовж 72 годин аудиторних занять у студентів (вхідний рівень володіння мовою – В1) вмiнь та навичок читання, письма та говоріння за тематикою спеціальності « Автомобілі і автомобільне господарство » на ІІ курсі навчання Інституту машинобудування (вихідний рівень володіння мовою – В2). За рахунок тренування і виконання читання текстів і комунікативних завдань студенти зможуть досягти практичного володіння англійською мовою за фахом.
Практичне володіння іноземною мовою в рамках даного курсу припускає наявність таких умінь в різних видах мовної комунікації, які дають можливість:
- вільно читати оригінальну літературу іноземною мовою у відповідній галузі знань;
- оформляти витягнуту з іноземних джерел інформацію у вигляді перекладу або резюме;
- робити повідомлення і доповіді іноземною мовою на теми, пов'язані з науковою роботою майбутнього фахівця;
- вести бесіду за фахом.
Кожний урок складається з тексту й комплекса мовних вправ, які розраховані на удосконалення навичок активізації словарного і граматичного мінімуму професійного спрямування.
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“Методичні вказiвки” забезпечують підготовку до міжнародного усного і письмового спілкування англійською мовою для спеціальних цілей, а саме - оволодіння лексичними, граматичними і стилістичними навичками, а також умінням розмовляти, читати, переписуватися, перекладати, конспектувати, згортати | і розгортати усну і письмову англомовну інформацію наукового функціонального стилю, що передбачено вимогами Програми вивчення іноземних мов у нефілологічному ВУЗі.
Lesson 1
Read the text: Automobile Systems
Automobiles are powered and controlled by a complicated interrelationship between several systems. The major systems of the automobile are the power plant, the power train, the running gear, and the control system. Each of these major categories include a number of subsystems, as shown here. The power plant includes the engine, fuel, electrical, exhaust, lubrication, and coolant systems. The power train includes the transmission and drive systems, including the clutch, differential, and drive shaft. Suspension, stabilizers, wheels, and tires are all part of the running gear, or support system. Steering and brake systems are the major components of the control system, by which the driver directs the car.
Automobile, self-propelled vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces. Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. From the growth of suburbs to the development of elaborate road and highway systems, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape. The manufacture, sales, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies; indeed, the health of a country’s automobile industry in large measure determines the health of the entire economy. But along with greater mobility and job creation, the automobile has brought air and noise pollution, and automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better or worse, the 1900s can be called the Age of the Automobile, and cars will no doubt continue to shape our culture and economy as we enter the 21st century.
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Automobiles are classified by size, style, number of doors, and intended use. The typical automobile, also called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to six people, including a driver.
Larger vehicles designed to carry more passengers are called vans, omnibuses, or buses. Those used to carry cargo are called pickups or trucks, depending on their size and design. Minivans are van-style vehicles built on a passenger car frame that can usually carry up to eight passengers.
The automobile is built around an engine. Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates. The engine produces mechanical power that is transmitted to the automobile’s wheels through a drive train, which includes a transmission, one or more drive shafts, a differential gear, and axles. Suspensionsystems, which include springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses. Wheels and tires support the vehicle on the roadway and, when rotated by powered axles, propel the vehicle forward or backward. Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed. An electrical system starts and operates the engine, monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle’s operation, and powers such components as headlights and radios. Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect occupants in an accident.
I. Reading Exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:
| air bags, automobile, braking systems,bumper, clutch, coolant systems,differential gear, differential, drive shaft, electrical system, engine, exhaust, fuel, lubrication, seat belts, stabilizers, suspension, tires, wheels. |
Exercise 2. Answer the questions:
1) How can you classify the automobiles?
2) What automobile types are called pickups or trucks?
3) What are the major components of the control system?
4) What does an electrical system start and operate?
Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:
| 1. The power plant includes | a) the major components of the control system, by which the driver directs the car. |
| 2. The power train includes | b) the engine, fuel, electrical, exhaust, lubrication, and coolant systems. |
| 3. Steering and brake systems are | c) the transmission and drive systems, including the clutch, differential, and drive shaft. |
| 4. Suspension, stabilizers, wheels, and tires | d) are all part of the running gear, or support system. |
Exercise 4. Open brackets choosing the right words:
Suspensionsystems, which (include/make) springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being (damaged/used) by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses.
