Conversational formulas

Loss of plosion

Pt Tk Db Gd

It’s a case of loss of plosion. The plosive consonants … having different places of articulation (the same place of articulation) are in contact within a word (at a word junction). The obstruction is removed and a plosion is heard only after the second consonant.

 

Nasal plosion

T, d, p, b, k, g + n, m

It’s a case of nasal plosion. At the junction of the plosive consonants with the nasal sonorants the articulation of the sonorant starts when the articulation of the plosive consonant is not yet finished. As a result, instead of removing the obstruction in the mouth cavity, the air stream passes through the nasal cavity.

 

Lateral plosion

T, d, p, b, k, g + l

It’s a case of lateral plosion. The plosive consonant and the lateral sonorant L are in contact within a word (at the word junction). The plosion is produced during the pronunciation of the sonorant as the air stream passes along the sides of the tongue, lowered for the articulation of L.

 

Non-final intonation group

Low Rise

It’s a non-final intonation group is pronounced with a low-rising tone preceded by high prenuclear part to show that the utterance is not finished.

Falling-Rising

It’s a non-final intonation group is pronounced with a falling-rising tone for emphasis.

Falling

It’s a non-final intonation group is pronounced with a high falling tone to add a greater semantic weight.

 

 

Fricative plosion

Ts ds ks ps

It’s a case of fricative plosion. The plosive consonant precedes the fricative consonant within a word (at a word junction). It has its release during the pronunciation of the fricative.

 

Regressive assimilation affecting the place of articulation

T, d, n, l, s, z + th …

At the juncture of the alveolar consonant and the interdental consonant the alveolar consonant is represented by their dental variants.

 

Double assimilation

Tw kw sw

It’s a case of double assimilation. Progressive assimilation affecting the work of the vocal cords, under the influence of the voices consonant W is devoiced. And regressive assimilation affecting the position of lips, the consonant preceding W is lip-rounded.

 

Parentheses

Initial parentheses

Often form a separate intonation-group of all non-final group.

Low rise

It’s a case of an initial parenthesis which forms a separate intonation group and is pronounced with a low rising tone which is common pattern.

High fall

It’s a case of an initial parenthesis which forms a separate intonation group and is pronounced with a high falling nuclear tone and sound weighty and more important.

Falling-Rising

It’s a case of an initial parenthesis which forms a separate intonation group and is pronounced with falling-rising tone for emphasis or contrast.(I suppose,Ibelieve,Ipresume,I’mafraid,I think, they may be unstressed or partiallystressed, and then they form the prehead of a tune or they may have a full stressed which becomes part of the head.

Final parentheses

It’s a case of a final parenthesis which doesn’t form a separate intonation group and is pronounced as a tail. (or as a part of nucleus of a falling-rising tune(divided)).

Parentheses in the middle

It’ a case of a middle parenthesis which forms a separate intonation group and is pronounced in a lower pitch and at a quicker tempo.

 

Linking R

It’s a case of linking r. The word form ends in a vowel and has the letter r in its spelling. The following word begins with a vowel. We insert the sound r for convenience.

 

Double assimilation

Trdrthrthr

It’s a case of double assimilation. Progressive assimilation affecting the work of the vocal cords. Under the influence of the voiceless consonant the sound r is completely (or partial) devoiced. Regressive assimilation affecting the place of articulation. Under the influence of the post alveolar r the alveolar … becomes post alveolar.

Besides we observe progressive assimilation affecting the manner of articulation. Under the influence of the noise consonant … r becomes fricative.

 

Progressive assimilation affecting the work of the vocal cords

Trprkrstrskrthrfrsr

It’s a case of progressive assimilation affecting the work of the vocal cords. Under the influence of the voiceless … r becomes completely devoiced.

Absence of assimilation

S+thz+thth+zth+sv+thf+th

It’s a case of absence of assimilation. The adjacent sounds … and … precerve their quality.

 

Statement

Straightforward statement

It’s a straightforward statement which is pronounced with high falling tone preceded by … head and sound energetic, light.

Implicatory statement

It’s an implicatory statement which is pronounced with falling-rising tone preceded by … head and sound it conveys contradiction, correction, contrast, apology, cordiality.

Friendly statement

It’s a friendly statement which is pronounced with a low rising tone and a high-pitched prenuclearpart and sound warm, lively and encouraging.

 

Initial Reporting phrases

Low Rise

It’s an initial reporting phrases which forms a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Low Rise in reading aloudand shows incompleteness.

Mid level

It’s an initial reporting phrases which forms a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Mid level which is common pattern.

Falling-rising

It’s an initial reporting phrases which forms a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Falling-rising tone in reading aloud.

Falling tone

It’s an initial reporting phrases which forms a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Falling to add prominence.

Middle Reporting phrases

Middle reporting phrases usually don’t form a separate group and are usually pronounced as a tail of a previous international group.

Final Reporting phrases

Final reporting phrases usually don’t form a separate group and are usually pronounced as a tail.

Reporting phrases in reported speech

Generally forms the first non-final (intonation group) of an utterance. Like all non-final groups, reporting phrases may take various nuclear tones: LR,FR,F.

 

 

Direct address

Falling tone

It’s an initial direct address which a separate intonation group is pronounced with a High Falling tone to show the speaker’s serious attitude.

Falling-Rising

It’s an initial direct address which a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Falling-Rising tone to convey the speaker’s warm and friendly attitude.

Low rising

It’s an initial direct address which a separate intonation group is pronounced with a Low Rising tone used at the beginning of an informal speech.

Final and Medial direct address

They become part of a Falling-Rising divided nucleus and is sound warmer and the address is more prominent.

 

 

Conversational formulas

Greetings, Farewells, Apologies and expressions of Gratitude they can be normal (neutral), friendly (very polite, warm, lively), casual (perfunctory).

Friendly

Friendly formulas is pronounced with a Falling-Rising tone (undivided or divided) (preceded by a high level or a sliding head) and sounds warm, polite, and lively.

Casual

Casual formulas is pronounced with a Low rising tone preceded by a low prenuclear part and sound perfunctory.

Normal Greetings, Apologies and expressions of Gratitude

NormalGreetings, Apologies and expressions of Gratitude formulas is pronounced with a HighFalling preceded by high nuclear part and sound neutral.(tone combined with a high level or stepping head and a low or high prehead.)

Normal Farewells

Normal Farewells is pronounced with a low-Rise preceded by a high prenuclear pitch.

 

Elision of [t,d,h]

Lan d scape

It’s a case of elision the sound [d] is dropped because it is between two other consonants.