Answer the questions on the text

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПЕНЗЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ

 ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

 «ПЕНЗЕНСКИЙ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Учебно-методическое пособие

 «Экология. Проблемы загрязнения окружающей среды»

Для студентов первого курса

 

      Автор: преподаватель

Дубынина Я. А.

Пенза-2020

Содержание

1. Введение. ……………………………………………………………...4                                                             

 2. Глоссарий………………………………..……………………………7

3. Загрязнение воздуха…………………………………………………..9

4. Загрязнение воды……………………………………………………..12

5. Крылатые выражения о природе……………………..……………...18

6. Основные экологические проблемы…………………………………21

7. Как защитить окружающую среду…………………………………..22

8. Лексико-грамматические упражнения………………………………23

9. Гринпис……………………………………………………………......32

10.Тексты для дополнительного чтения……………………..…....…. 33

11.Заключение…………………………………………………..……… 37

12.Список использованной литературы…………………..…………...38

 

 

 

 

 

Введение

Ecology

We live on a very beautiful planet - on the Earth. Our planet has very rich resources: the bright blue of the sky, fresh, crystal-clear mountain lake water, the rich green of the mountains slopes, wild flower, picturesque views - all these sceneries of nature fill us with admiration.

That's why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city, to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or to swim in clear water because the ecology is not so poor as in the cities.

Ecology is the study of the ways in which organisms (plants and animals) depend upon each other and upon their surroundings. Each organism requires conditions in order to be able to live and breed. These conditions are its environment by changing the ecological conditions.

  So, pollution is one of the most burning problems of nowadays. Now millions of chimneys, cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes and harmful substances into the atmosphere. These poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, water, birds and animals people. So, it is usually hard to breathe in the large cities where there are lots plants. Everything there is covered with soot and dirt. All these affect harmfully.

 Water pollution is very serious, too. Ugly rivers of dirty water polluted with factory waste, poisoned fish are all-round us. And polluted air and poisoned water lead to the end of the civilization. So, nowadays a lot of dead lands and lifeless areas have appeared. Because our actions and dealings can turn the land to a desert.

  We are to stop pollution. So, we can grow plants and trees, to purify waste, to start urgent campaigns in order to preserve environment For example, in 1989 in Australia, Sydney. In a year the same kind of action was held all over Australia and it was called "Clean up Australia" the following years 110 countries hold the similar actions within the ecological program of the UN O.

Nowadays there are many different pressure and interests groups in British, which try to find solutions to the problems of pollution at the national and international level. So they are groups of people with a common interest in trying to draw the public attention to environment problems, to influence the government decisions.

Greenpeace is a very famous pressure group. It started functioning in 1971.

Its headquarters are at Amsterdam, but it operates in 25 countries worldwide. The aim of Greenpeace is to protect wildlife of toxic wastes, nuclear tests.

"Friends of the Earth" (FoE) is one of the British pressure groups with an international reputation. Its general aim is to conserve the planet's resources and reduce pollution. FoE was established in 1971 and now it operated in 44 countries worldwide. It campaigns among other things, for recycling and renewable energy, and the destruction of wildlife and habitat. The main campaigning issues of the FoE are:

- The protection of all animals and plants in danger of extinction.

- An end to the destruction of wildlife and habitats.

- A program of energy conservation measures, etc.

  So, a number of campaigns resulted in:

- The ban or other hunting in England and Wales

-  And indefinite delay in the construction of the Commercial East Breeder Reactor, etc

But not only great groups can influence the problem of pollution. So, different people have their own opinions on this problem:

- The continued pollution of the earth, if unchecked, well eventually destroys the fitness of this planet as a place for human life. (B. Commoner).

- The Earth has enough for every man's need, but not for man's greed. (Ganlui).

And I agree with them because it is really so. And terrible examples prove them.

The Baltic Sea is a special case. Because it is such a small sea and it becomes dirty very easily. Its waster changes slowly through the shallow straits. As many as 250 rivers run into the Baltic. There are hundreds of factories in these rivers and millions of people live along them. Quite a lot of big cities lie on its coast. All these combined with the active navigation of the sea naturally affects the state of the sea water and the shore line flora and fauna. People suffer from the waster pollution; cancer deaths increase people's concern.

And there is no escape from this ecological crisis without organizing a single body dealing with the environmental problems, developing and carrying out a nationwide program of environmental protection and co-operating with international schemes.

 

Answer the questions on the text.

1) What is an environment?

2) Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their environment, isn’t?

3) What does the word “ecology” mean?

4) How can we keep our earth clean?

5) Where must we throw the garbage?

6) Why must we take care of the air nowadays?

Vocabulary:

environment protection environmentalist ecologist ecology ecosystem eco-friendly ecological catastrophe ecotourism ecotourist environment-friendly to become extinct on the brink of extinction endangered animals rare breeds (species) habitat destruction obliteration to destroy/obliterate habitat to pillage the wild to fell/cut down trees at an alarming rate rain forests flood to flood to wash out soil to get clogged with mud pollution to pollute the air, water, land greenhouse effect greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere to emit smoke, soot into... ozone layer over a large expanse

wild life wild life conservation wild forest coniferous forest mix forest deciduous forest to devastate the wild life the desert grows/spreads irrigation canals arable land crops don't ripen crops fail a nuclear winter to suffocate from industrial pollution industrial, nuclear, chemical waste in-door pollution exhaust gases acid rain fossil fuel unleaded petrol to reduce pollution to tackle pollution energy sources to avoid pollution to affect/harm the environment strict safety regulations nuclear reactors to take urgent action hazardous, harmful, noxious gases pollutants to be exposed to cleanliness,

dump, scrap heap dustbin, trash can refuse/garbage container refuse incineration unit recycling recycled paper biodegradable package renewable resources disposable conservation programme to conserve nature drought prone to drought famine/starvation poaching poacher contaminated organic products genetically modified/GM sanctuary reserve forester forest warden animal rights activist eruption tornado typhoon casualties road sweeper road sweeping lorry to litter cleansers to cleanse dust, rubbish, to leave refuse, garbage litter about cleanness

Air Pollution

Air pollution is one of the major problems of today. Millions of people all over the world live in areas in which the air is not safe to breathe. As for Russia, it is estimated that Altai is the region with the largest per cent of harmful substances in the air. In most cases air pollution is caused by people.

One of the main sources of this type of pollution is industry. Numerous factories and plants release into the atmosphere a lot of waste such as poisonous chemicals and, what is worse, particles of heavy metals. This process not only produces harmful effects on the atmosphere, but influences man’s health as well. People suffer from lung diseases more and more often or have headaches, breathing such polluted air.

Waste, created by people may occur in the form of gases or particles of solid and liquid matter which appear as a result of burning fossil fuels. Burning of garbage also contributes to the problem.

One more dramatic thing is an increasing number of cars and other means of transport as their fumes penetrate into the atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun.

There is also a close connection between air and water pollution, the last one is called acid rain. It happens when sulphur and nitrogen compounds mix with moisture of the air and fall to Earth in rain or snow. After that acid water flows into rivers and lakes, which become so polluted that no fish or plants can survive.

Air is an integral part of the ecosystem which is absolutely essential for all the living beings to be alive, so it’s really important to make it clean and to take care of it.

 

Air pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances into the atmosphere that danger human life and other living matter.