Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 1

Task №1. Read the text and answer the questions in writing.

1. What does the framework ensure?

2. What are the main functions of foundation?

3. What for are the walls built?

Almost everybody saw the construction of a building and followed its progress with interest. First the excavation is dug for the basement, then the foundation walls below ground level are constructed, after this the framework is erected and clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

The part on which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safety carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roofs and other parts of the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.

The architect or designer must decide, what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and other parts, which make up the framework, will be and how they will be placed and arranged.

Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.

Foundations serve to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Floors divide the building into storeys. They may be either of timber or may be constructed of a fire-resisting material. Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid and hollow. The materials used for the walls construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural or artificial materials.

Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to the weather. They tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the structure.

Notes:

Excavation - котлован

Framework - каркас

Sinking - опускание

Settling - оседание

Task № 2. Make up a precis of this text.

Task № 3. Write what new facts you have learnt about the functions of the main parts of a building. You can add more information from your experience.

Task № 4. Choose the correct forms and translate the sentences into Russian

1. Timber (uses, used, is used) for building purposes is divided into two groups: softwoods and hardwoods.

2. Civil engineers must know what materials are best used in (difference, different, differently) climates and conditions.

3. Portland cement is made by (mixing, mixed) together substances (containing, contained) calcium carbonate with silica and alumina.

Task № 5. Complete the dialogue:

A……………………………………………………………………………….

B. Hello. May I speak to Mr. Smith?

A……………………………………………………………………..

B. This is Mr. Popov. My boss went on a business trip and asked me to make an appointment with you.

A………………………………………………………………………………

B. O.K. May I have your address?

A………………………………………………………………………………..

B. Thanks. I look forward to seeing you. Good-bye.

A…………………………………………………………………………….

Task № 6. Read the situation and do the task

The Sport Committee is looking for enthusiastic and energetic people to work in different areas for the 2018 World Football Championship. There are vacancies in the following areas:

- Site management

- Translation and language services

- Construction

- Bridge renovation

All applicants must be qualified and a good level of English is essential.

Job applications to: the Sport Committee, Kaliningrad, 236000

Write your letter of application for one of the vacancies.

Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 2

Task № 1. Read the text and answer the questions in writing.

1. What are the advantages of houses built of stone?

2. What are the functions of the roof?

3. What services must any building be supplied with?

The first houses were built for the purpose of protecting their owners from the weather and, therefore, were very simple – a roof to keep off the rain or snow, and walls to keep out the wind.

The building erected now can be divided into two broad classifications: they can be either for housing or for industrial purpose.

As far as the material is concerned, the building can be divided into stone (or brick), wood and concrete types. The brick is an artificial material made of clay then burnt to harden it. The natural stone (rubble masonry) is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load. The buildings made of stone or brick are durable, fire-proof and have poor heat conductivity.

The tiers or levels which divide a building into stages or stories are called floors. These may be of timber but in stone buildings they are made of ferro-concrete details in great and small sizes.

The coverings or upper parts of buildings constructed over to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to the weather, are called roofs. These should tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the construction.

Every building must be beautiful in appearance and proportional in all various parts. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple without any excesses.

Any building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating system.

Getting water into the house is called plumbing. Also, the plumbers must get the water out after it has been used. The first part of this problem is called water supply and the second one is called drainage or sewerage.

Notes:

Rubble- валун, галька

Masonry - кладка

Task № 2. Make up a precis of this text.

Task № 3. Write how the functions of houses have changed since the ancient times.

Task № 4. Choose the correct forms and translate the sentences into Russian

1. Stone (have used, used, has been used) as a structural material since the earliest days.

2. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire (include, inclusion, including) aqueducts, harbors, bridges, dams and roads.

3. London bridge (finished, finishing) in 1209 took thirty years to build.

Task № 5. Complete the dialogue:

A. Finance department. How can I help you?

B…………………………………………………………………….