Read and translate the text

We are now living in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives. Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are often called the digital generation. Computers help students to perform mathematical operations and improve their maths skills. They are used to access the Internet, to do basic research and to communicate with other students around the world. Teachers use projectors and interactive whiteboards to give presentations and teach sciences, history or language courses. PCs are also used for administrative purposes – schools use word processors to write letters, and databases to keep records of students and teachers. A school website allows teachers to publish exercises for students to complete online.

Students can also enroll for courses via the website and parents can download official reports. Mobiles let you make voice calls, send texts, email people and download logos, ringtones or games.

With a built-in camera you can send pictures and make video calls in face-to-face mode. New smartphones combine a telephone with web access, video, a games console, an MP3 player, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a GPS navigation system, all in one.

In banks computers store information about the money held by each customer and enable staff to access large databases and to carry out financial transactions at high speed. They also control the cash points, or ATMs (automatic teller machines), with dispense money to customers by the use of a PIN-protected card.

Chip and PIN card can help to pay for goods and services. Instead of using a signature to verify payments, customers are asked to enter a four-digit personal identification number (PIN), the same number used at cash points; this system makes transactions more secure. With online banking, clients can easily pay bills and transfer money from the comfort of their homes.

Airline pilots use computers to help them control the plane. For example, monitors display data about fuel consumption and weather conditions. In airport control towers, computers are used to manage radar system and regulate air traffic. On the ground, airlines are connected to traffic. On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by computer. Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other details.

Unit 5

TEXT 5A  

 Multiplication and Division

Learn the following active words and word combinations.

division – деление

 multiplication – умножение

to multiply – умножать

multiplicand – множимое/умножаемое

multiplier – множитель

product – произведение

dividend – делимое

divisor – делитель

quotient – частное

remainder - остаток

Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions from the text.

subtraction, addition, inverse, number, operation, factor, a whole number, to contain.

Find the answers to these questions by quickly reading the text.

1 How is the number that is multiplied is called?

2 What way can we get the quotient in the operation of division?

3 What is the remainder in the operation of division?

Read and translate the text.

 

We may say that subtraction is the inverse operation of addition since 5 + 2 = 7 and 7 - 2 = 5.

The same might be said about division and multiplication, which are also inverse operations.

In multiplication there is a number that is multiplied, it is the multiplicand. There is also a multiplier. It is the number by which we multiply. When we are multiplying the multiplicand by the multiplier we get the product as a result. When two or more numbers are multiplied, each of them is called a factor. In the expression five multiplied by two (5 x 2), the 5 and the 2 will be factors. The multiplicand and the multiplier are names for factors.

In the operation of division there is a number that is divided, it is called the dividend; the number by which we divide is called the divisor. When we are dividing the dividend by the divisor we get the quotient. But suppose you are dividing 10 by 3. In this case the divisor will not be contained a whole number of times in the dividend. You will get a part of the dividend left over. This part is called the remainder. In our case the remainder will be 1. Since multiplication and division are inverse operations you may check division by using multiplication.

There are two very important facts that must be remember about division.

The quotient is 0 (zero) whenever the dividend is zero and the divisor is not zero. That is, 0:n is equal to 0 for all values of n except n = 0.

Division by 0 is meaningless. If you say that you cannot divide by 0 it really means that division by 0 is meaningless for all values of n.

Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations.

деление, умножение, делить, остаток, частное, произведение, выражение, обратная операция, делитель, делимое, множитель, множимое, сомножители, сумма, знак умножения, знак деления.

TEXT 5B  

How screen displays work

 

Learn the following active words and word combinations.

screen – экран

graphic image – графическое изображение

liquid crystal display (LCD) – жидкокристаллический дисплей

resolution – разрешение

pixel – пиксель

aspect ratio– соотношение сторон

high-definition TV – телевидение высокой четкости

video adapter – видео адаптер

graphics card – видеокарта

glass plate – стеклянная пластина

active-matrix LCD – активно-матричный ЖК-дисплей

thin film transistor (TFT) – тонкопленочный транзистор

luminance (brightness) – яркость

 

Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions from the text.

instant, feedback, dots of color, multiple, windows, side by side, to process, image, different quantities, to create, to project, screen, diagonally.

Find the answers to these questions by quickly reading the text.

1 What does the acronym LCD stand for?

2 What does resolution refer to?