Past Simple - простое прошедшее время
Время Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло.
Образование Past Simple
Утвердительные предложения:
I played | We played |
You played | You played |
He / she / it played | They played |
Вопросительные предложения:
Did I play? | Did we play? |
Did you play? | Did you play? |
Did he / she / it play? | Did they play? |
Отрицательные предложения:
I did not play | We did not play |
You did not play | You did not play |
He / she / it did not play | They did not play |
Для того, чтобы поставить английский глагол во время Past Simple, нужно использовать его «вторую форму». Для большинства глаголов она образуется прибавлением окончания -ed: enjoy – enjoy ed, close – clos ed
Present Perfect - настоящее совершенное время
Время Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершилось к настоящему моменту или завершено в период настоящего времени.
Образование Present Perfect
Утвердительные предложения:
I have played | We have played |
You have played | You have played |
He / she / it has played | They have played |
Вопросительные предложения:
Have I played? | Have we played? |
Have you played? | Have you played? |
Has he / she / it played? | Have they played? |
Отрицательные предложения:
I have not played | We have not played |
You have not played | You have not played |
He / she / it has not played | They have not played |
При сравнении Present Perfect и Past Simple мы увидим, что в случае Past Simple точное время исполнения действия является важным.
We ordered the pizza two hours ago.
Мы заказали пиццу 2 часа назад.
They bought their new apartment last month.
Они купили свою новую квартиру в прошлом месяце.
My friend went to India in 1995.
They met in a small café yesterday.
When I was a child I liked playing hide-and-seek.
Past Simple | Present Perfect |
He always loved singing. Он всегда любил петь. Если учитывать тот факт, что в Past Simple указывается время, которое уже истекло и не имеет связи с настоящим, то можно предположить, что наш герой, увы, скончался и любить петь он уже, к сожалению, не может. | He has always loved singing. Время, указанное в предложении, все еще длится. Он любил и до сих пор любит петь. Его страсть к пению не прошла. |
She never appeared in musicals. Она никогда не играла в мюзиклах. К сожалению, наша героиня больше не имеет шанса сыграть в мюзикле, потому что ее нет в живых. | She has never appeared in musicals. Она никогда не играла в мюзиклах до настоящего момента, однако у нее все еще есть шанс там появиться. |
My husband worked there for 3 years. Мой муж проработал там 3 года, но уже там не работает. Этот период его жизни закончился, не имеет связи с настоящим. | My husband has worked there for 3 years. Мой муж там работает 3 года. Он там трудится до сих пор. |
Важно помнить, что свежие новости передаются в Present Perfect.
The train has crashed today morning.
Однако, если за новостью следуют детали события, то употребляется Past Simple. В данном случае срабатывает «экономия языка». Это время более удобно для передачи большого количества информации в прошлом.
The train has crashed today morning. The accident happened near Munich. (детали подаются в Past Simple)
Past Simple | Present Perfect |
Yesterday Last week / month / year In 1998…. 3 hours / minutes ago | Already Always Never Ever Just Yet Lately This week / month / year For Since |
Начало формы
Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Начало формы
1. Выберите правильный вариант
The soap opera star Jessica Bilges... of cancer. She... only 65.
has died / was
had died / was being
She... to play tennis since she... her arm.
has been able / broke
hasn’t been able / broke
This is the first time I... Jack ashamed.
saw
have seen
It won’t be the first time she... me down.
let
has let
After she... hospital, she had a long holiday.
has left
left
After Sam..., he will be spending 5 month abroad.
has left
left
I’ll contact you the minute I... my exam results.
have got
got
I... a lot this week, but I have to give the book back this week, so I am determined to read it till the end.
read
have read
I... to the dentist yesterday.
have gone
went
I... three lectures today and I still have two more later this afternoon.
have had
had
My friends... in Spain last year.
were
have been to
I... Prague, but I’d love to go!
wasn’t in
haven’t ever been to
Since I... to drive I... much more independent.
have been able / have felt
was able / have felt
By the time Sarah... to work, the meeting had finished.
have got
got
I recognized her the moment I... her laugh.
have heard
heard
Finally! We... our homework! We are free!
did
have done
We... the pizza. It will be delivered soon.
ordered already
have already ordered
I can’t wait! We... the pizza two hours ago!
ordered
have ordered
Joe... to America in 1999.
went
have been
I... dancing!
always loved
have always loved
Конец формы
Конец формы