Revision 1:Study this example situation:
Carlson is ill. He can’t eat jam. Why? -
The dog has broken his jam jar.
The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuousdon’t exist in Ukrainian / Russian languages. But they are often used in English speech in different situations. Present perfect is used with an auxiliary verb ‘ have (has) ’ which is not translated but is used to differentiate this tense from other present tenses.