Vowels Modifications

Phonetics as a Science

Outline

1. Definition of the term “phonetics”

2. The historical development of English Phonetics

3. The mechanism of communication act

4. Speech production and organs

5. Branches of phonetics

5.1. Articulatory phonetics

5.1.1. Places of Articulation

5.1.2. Manners of Articulation

5.1.3. The Articulation of Vowel Sounds

5.2. Acoustic phonetics. Sound waves

5.3. Auditory phonetics.

6. Phonology

7. Components of phonetic system

8. The Accent

Literature:

Roach P., English Phonetics and Phonology

p. 1-8

Ladefoged P., Johnson K. A course in phonetics

p. 1-29

Sokolova M.A., English Phonetics. A theoretical course

p. 6-17

Караванова, «Курс теоретической фонетики английского языка»

Seminar 2

Outline

1. Conception of the phoneme

2. Three aspects of the phoneme

3. Relevant and irrelevant features of the phoneme (types of phonological and phonetic mistakes)

4. Main trends in phoneme theory

5. Methods of phonological analysis

6. Transcription

6.1. The basic types of transcription

6.2. The transcription of consonants

6.3. The transcription of vowels

6.4. Consonants and vowels charts

Literature:

Sokolova M.A., English Phonetics. A theoretical course

The Phoneme. – p.39-59

Ladefoged P., Johnson K., A course in phonetics

Phonology and Phonetic transcription – p. 33-48

Roach P., English Phonetics and Phonology

The Phoneme – p. 38-47

Seminar 3

The System of English Consonants

Outline

1. The system of English phonemes

2. Classification of English consonants

2.1. According to the degree of noise

2.2. According to the manner of articulation

2.3. According to the place of articulation and the active organ of speech

2.4. According to the force of articulation

2.5. According to the position of the soft palate

3. Modifications of consonants in connected speech

3.1. Classification of modifications

3.2. Assimilation

3.2.1. According to the place of articulation

3.2.2. According to the manner of articulation

3.2.3. According to the voicing value

3.2.4. According to the lip position

3.2.5. According to the position of the soft palate

3.3. Elision (deletion)

3.4. Epenthesis (sound insertion)

3.5. Metathesis

Seminar 4

The system of English Vowels

Vowels Modifications

Outline

1. Vowel phonemes of the English language

1.1. Transcription (L. 85)

1.2. Cardinal vowels (L. 217)

1.3. Secondary cardinal vowels (L. 222)

2. The main criteria of classificatory description

2.1. Classification according to the stability of articulation (monophthongs, diphthongs, diphthongoids and triphthongs)

2.2. Classification according to the tongue position

2.3. Classification according to the lip position

2.4. Classification according to the character of the vowel end

2.5. Classification according to the vowel length or quantity

2.6. Classification according to the tenseness

3. Modifications of vowels in connected speech

3.1. Rules of vowel allophones (L. 100)

3.2. Rhotic vowels (L. 94)

3.3. Unstressed syllables (L. 96)

3.4. Secondary articulatory gestures (L. 234)

3.5. Assimilation

3.6. Vowel reduction

Literature:

Roach P., English Phonetics and Phonology

p. 19-26

Ladefoged P., Johnson K., A course in phonetics

p. 85-106, 217-241

Sokolova M.A., English Phonetics. A theoretical course

p. 78-100

Seminar 5