B) Answer these questions in Latin. Use complete sentences in your answers

1) Ubi habitant lulia et Octavia?

2) Cur amant Italiam?

3) Ubi laborat agricola?

4) Ubi ambulat Octavia?

The verbs of the Second and Fourth Conjugation. (Present Indicative Active)

habere (stem-habe), II - to have audire (stem-audi), IV - to listen

1 st habeo	habemus
2nd habes	habetis
3d habet	habent

1st audio	audimus
2nd audis	auditis
3d audit	audiunt

 

 

25. Conjugate:

salveo, ere; gaudeo, ere; taceo, ere; sedeo, ere; debeo, ere; valeo, ere; sentio, ire; dormio, ire.

26.Read and translate:

Sedeo et canto. Cur taces? Stamus et tacemus. Gaudetis et cantatis. Bene laborare debetis. Patriam amare debemus. Saepe (often) ambulare debent.

Read the text and translate it into Russian. Analyze the form of every noun and verb.

Italia est terra Europae et patria lingue Latinae. Roma est in Italia. Gallia provincia est. In Gallia provincia sunt silvae. Feminae et puellae sunt in silva. In insula agricola est. Agricolae silvam in insula spectant. Vita agricolarum est bona. In insula tabernae sunt. In silvis sunt bestiae ferae. Agricolae, feminae, puellae bestias feras timent. In via Romae nautae sunt. Nautae in taberna sunt. In tabernis puellae non sunt. Agricolae nautas spectant.

Aeneae patria est Troia. Troia non est in Europa, sed in Asia. Pulchram Mariae ecclesiam videmus. In ecclesia pulchram Mariae statuam videmus.

 

NUMERALS

Cardinal numerals – Ordinal numerals

I		unus	primus
II		duo	secundus
III		tres	tertius
IV		quattuor	quartus
V		quinque	quintus
VI		sex	sextus
VII		septem	septimus
VIII		octo	octavus
IX		novem	nonus
X		decem	decimus
L		quinquaginta	quinquagesimus
C		centum	centesimus
D		quingenti	quingentesimus
M		mille	millesimus

 

The signs the Romans used for numbers were I (one), V (five), X (ten), L (50), С (100), D (500), M (1000).

In most cases, you can identify the other numbers by adding the sign together. This works for signs of equal value next to each other. For example,III = 3 and CCC = 300. It also works if the sign of a larger value is followed by a smaller one. For example, VIII = 8. If a sign of a smaller is followed by a sign of a larger value, we should subtract. For example, IV = 4 (I is subtracted from V), IX = 9, XLIV = 44, XC = 90, CM = 900, MCM = 1900, MCMXCVHI = 1998.

28. Can you figure out what these numbers are:

XXXIX, CCXLVI1, MLXVI, XVIII, CVII, DCLX, DCCCXLIV, MDCCXXXIX, LVII, CCX1V, MMXX, XCVI.

29. How would you write these numbers in Roman numerals:

17, 59, 385, 1234, 3321, 2260, 1629, 897, 1006, 1432?
30. Read: '

a)Pagina, epistula (epistola), canis, Trojanus, Syracusae, tunica, toga, cohors (cohortis), Vergilius, Alexandria, Campus Martius, Tantalus, cithara, Cyprus.

b) Aqua vitae. Aquila non captat muscas. Aut - aut. Dum spiro, spero. Consuetudo est altera natura. Via antiqua est via tuta. Lapsus linquae. Lapsus memoriae. Via dolorosa. Vita nostra brevis est. Cogito, ergo sum. Haud semper errat fama. Ars longa, vita brevis. Festlna lente!

 

Lesson 7.

VOCABULARY 4

statue statua, ae, f statue, statuary

to encourage confirm, are confirm

to please delecto, are delectable

to give do, dare data, date

to tell narro, are narrate, narrative

to expect, wait, await expecto, are expectation

to hope spero, are

to breathe spiro, are inspiration

to be afraid timeo, ere timid

to answer respondeo, ere respond

31. Decline: statua magna, tunica tua.

32. Conjugate: gaudere, dormire, exspectare, respondere.

33. Read the text and translate it into Russian:

De Italia

Italia est terra Europae et patria linguae Latinae. Italia habet insulas. Sicilia est insula Italiae. In ora Siciliae est Aetna. Aetnam ornant silvae. Incolae Italiae sunt nautae. Nautae procellas non timent. Stellae noctu nautis viam indicant. Italia est patria poetarum. Italiae parant poetae gloriam. In Italia est Roma. Vias Romae statuae ornant. In viis Romae sunt arae et statuae dearum.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS (PRONOMINA PERSONALIA)

Singularis Nom. - ego (I) Gen. - mei Dat. - mihi Acc. - me Abl. - me

Piuralis

Nom.- nos (we)

Gen.- nostri -nostrum

Dat. - nobis

Acc. - nos

Abl. - nobis

 

Nom. - tu (you—sing.) Gen. - tui Dat. - tibi Acc. -te Abl.- te

Nom.- vos (you-plur.)

Gen. - vestri -vestrum

Dat. - vobis

Acc. - vos

Abl. - vobis

 

The personal pronouns of the third person (he, she, it, they) are supplied by the demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those).

Since the personal endings of a verb express the person and number of the subject (eg. laudo, I praise), the subject does not need to be separately expressed by a personal pronoun, except for emphasis and contrast.

1. Ego laboro, tu nonlaboras. (I work, you do not work.)

2. Tu, fili, fuisti in periculo. (You, son, have been in danger.)

(In the 1^5T, note is the contrast; the 2^nd illustrates a common use of the personal pronoun before a noun in the vocative).

THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (PRONOMEN REFLEXIVUM)

In Latin the reflexive pronoun with the first and second persons is expressed by the personal pronoun in the required case, thus: Me culpo, I blame myself. The reflexive pronoun with the third person is expressed by:

Sing, et PI.

Nom. -----

Gen. - sui

Dat. - sibi

Acc. - se

Abl. - se

 

34. Explain what the following words (phrases) mean:

эпистолярный жанр, пагинация, кинология, когорта, a sedentary life, debt, dormitory, to tantalize, taciturn.

 

 

Lesson 8.

Cum (prep) – with + Abl. Cum cura - with care, cum femina - with a woman

The Means or Instrument is expressed in Latin by the Ablative without a preposition.

The sailor pleases the farmer with a story (by means of a story) - Nauta agricolam fabula (Abl.) delectat.

35. Express in Latin:

By means of money the farmer encourages the sailor. He carries the grain to the town with a horse.The man pleases the beautiful girl with stories.

 

Accompaniment or Association is expressed in Latin by a prepositional phrase, cum with the Ablative.

The farmer is plowing with his son (-in a company with his son) -Agricola cum filio (Abl.) arat.

36. Express in Latin:

The farmer is plowing the field with a plow (aratrum, -i, n., plow). The farmer is plowing the field with his daughter (Accompaniment). The teacher is working with the pupils.

 

NB: With Personal or Reflexive Pronouns we use cumafter the pronoun! (mecum, vobiscum)

 

37. Fill in the missing words: Omnia mea mecum Omnia tua........ Omnia................... Omnia.................. Omnia.................. Omnia..................

 

porto. (I)

port….. (yo\i)-si)ig.

port.... (he)

Omnia …………………… port.... (we)

Omnia …………………… port.... (you) -plur.

Omnia …………………… port.... (they)