Exercise 13. Match the following systems of the human body with the functions they perform

1. Respiratory system	-largest sensory organ -vitamin D syntheses -protects deeper tissue -regulates fluid and blood loss
2. Reproductive system	-stores calcium -framework for the body -protects vital organs -produces red blood cells
3. Integumentary system	-generates heat -creates movement -maintains posture -uses energy
4. Muscular system	-portions of many different systems that fight disease
5. Endocrine system	-maintain fluid balance to defend the body against disease by producing lymphocytes
6. Urinary system	-transportation of nutrients and gas waste -supports immune function
7. Digestive system	-get rid of nitrogenous waste out of blood -regulated electrolytes, fluid and pH balance
8. Lymphatic system	-breaks down food into the building blocks for the body
9. Cardiovascular system	-portions moistens and heats air -gas exchange
10. Skeletal system	-sensory input -interpretation of input or thought -elicit and signal responses -coordination of muscles
11. Immune system	-secrets hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and general body function.
12. Nervous system	- production offspring -production of hormones

Exercise 14.* Open the brackets and insert the prepositions where it is necessary. Translate.

Homeostasis (to be) the term used to describe how the body maintains its normal composition and functions. Because organ systems communicate with each other, the body (to be able) to maintain stable amounts of internal fluids and substances. Also, the organs neither underwork nor overwork, and each organ (to facilitate) the functions … every other organ.

Communications to maintain homeostasis (to occur) … means …the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Special chemicals called transmitters (to carry) … the communications.

The autonomic nervous system controls the complex communication network that regulates bodily functions. This part … the nervous system functions without a person's thinking about it. Transmitters called neurotransmitters (to conduct) messages between parts … the nervous system and between the nervous system and other organs.

Exercise 15. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Participle I and Participle II

1. The patient admitted to the hospital was a 45-year-old female.

2. The fibers of tissues composing the alveoli enable the lungs to dilate.

3. The inner organs included in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.

4. The blood carrying to the lungs is called venous blood.

5. The doctor saw the changed condition of the patient.

6. The number of the vertebrae forming the coccyx may be from one to five.

7. The lecture delivered yesterday interested everybody.

8. The patient examined by the therapeutist yesterday felt badly.

Exercise 16. Read and translate the sentences choosing the proper Participle.

1. System of the body is a group of organs (working/worked) together to perform a certain task.

2. The bottom of the thoracic cavity (forming/formed) by the diaphragm plays a leading role in breathing.

3. The musculoskeletal system (consisting/consisted) of the bones, ligaments, tendons and attached muscle gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement.

4. Arteries (dividing/ divided) into smaller vessels are called arterioles.

5. The circulatory system (permitting/ permitted) blood to circulate transports nutrients and helps to fight diseases.

6. The urinary system (removing/ removed) water from the blood produces urine carrying a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body.

7. Bile (producing/produced) by the liver enters the duodenum through the common bile ducts.

8. Estrogen (involving/ involved) in the development of female sexual features such as breast growth accumulated the body fat around the hips and thighs.

 

Exercise 17. Put questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.

1. The earliest operations on the pericardium were performed by Romero and Dalton.

2. The immune system will respond to H. pylori by sending white cells, and other infection-fighting agents to restore it.

3. The gases moving through the larynx, pharynx and mouth allow humans to speak, or phonate.

4. Forssmann and Richards were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for heart catheterization.

5. Some neurologists have just examined the patient with the severe disturbed brain circulation.

6. Disorders of the respiratory system are usually treated internally by a pulmonologist.

7. In 1242, the Arabian physician became the first person accurately described the process of pulmonary circulation.

8. Іnvestigations in order to maintain acid-base balance will have been completed by our immunologists by next week.

Exercise 18.  Translate into English using Vocabulary.

1. Орган - це анатомічно відокремлена частина організму, яка має певні форму, будову, розташування та функцію.

2. Органами є кістки, м’язи, залози, шлунок, легені, нирки і т. д. які формуються декількома видами тканин.

3. Всі органи забезпечені нервами, кровоносними і лімфатичними судинами.

4. Система органів руху, або апарат руху, об’єднує всі кістки, їх сполуки і скелетні м’язи.

5. Травна система об’єднує органи для прийому їжі, її механічної та хімічної переробки.

6. Дихальна система – система органів, за допомогою яких відбувається газообмін між організмом і зовнішнім середовищем.

7. Сечовидільна система – система органів виділення кінцевих продуктів обміну і виведення їх з організму.

8. Ці три системи органів – травна, дихальна та сечовидільна – забезпечують обмін речовин між організмом і зовнішнім середовищем.