2020-10-10
2098
Future Simple не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if (если), when (когда), as soon as (как только), after (после того, как), before (до того, как), till (пока не). Вместо него в этих случаях употребляется Present Simple для выражения будущего действия. На русский язык обе части предложения переводятся будущим временем.
1. If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk. – Если погода будет хорошей, мы пойдем гулять.
2. We won't begin the work till he rings up. – Мы не начнем работу, пока он не позвонит.
Exercise 4.Translate from English into Russian:
1. We'll go to the theatre if my friend buys the tickets. 2. She'll tell him the truth if he asks her. 3. We'll watch TV after we do our homework. 4. Не will send an e-mail as soon as he gets the parcel. 5. I’II phone you when they arrive. 6. I'll wait till he comes back.
LESSON 12
Comparative Analysis of Medical Education in Russia, Great Britain and the USA
(Сравнительный анализ медицинского образования в России, США и Великобритании)
1. Read the text:
Further Education (Дальнейшее обучение)
After the finals graduates work in hospitals for a year. This period is called internship. Students work under the supervision of the medical school. After internship a young doctor can work as a medical practitioner. Further specialization requires training in residency. It takes 1-2 years of work in a hospital in some definite field of medicine: Gynaecology, Urology, Neurology and so on. Students also can obtain the degree of Doctor of Medicine by writing a thesis (диссертация).
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2. Write if the statements are true or false:
1. Before finals students work in a hospital for a year.
2. During the period of internship students work in a hospital for a year.
3. After internship a young doctor gets the degree of Bachelor of Medicine.
4. A young doctor can work as a medical practitioner after residency.
5. During the period of residency students must work in a hospital in a definite field of medicine.
6. The period of residency lasts 3 years.
7. Students can obtain the degree of Doctor of Medicine by performing an operation.
Find differences between Russian and American systems of education. Are there any common features?
4.Translate from Russian into English:
1. Я поступлю в медицинский колледж, если средний балл моего школьного аттестата будет высоким. 2. Она примет участие в собрании, если у нее будет время. 3. Мой друг будет получать стипендию в следующем году, если хорошо сдаст экзамены и зачеты в конце семестра. 4. Когда моя сестра окончит колледж, она пойдет работать в больницу. 5. Мы пойдем в кино сегодня вечером, если погода будет хорошей. 6. Как только закончатся наши занятия, мы пойдем в библиотеку. 7. Мои родители не поедут в Канаду, пока не получат приглашение.
5. Find the synonyms:
Studies, to select, a scholarship, to receive, entrant, et cetera, department, to enter, sciences, each, to learn, to finish, a semester, opportunity, subjects, to begin, classes, to help, chance, to study, and so on, a term, institution, every, to apply to, a stipend, to get, to end, faculty, establishment, applicant, to choose, to assist, to start.
Anecdotes about Medical Students
A medical student in the library: "Sorry, miss, I asked you to give me the newest textbook in anatomy and you gave me the book published twenty years ago. Don't you have anything newer?"
Two students before an exam:
- What are you reading?
- Surgery.
- And why are you holding the textbook upside down (вверх ногами)?
- There is no difference for me.
The teacher on the exam asks the student:
- Why are you so excited? Are you afraid of my questions?
-No, professor, I am afraid of my answers.
TOPIC 3. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
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LESSONS 13-14
1. Find equivalents of the English proverbs:
| Health is not simply the absence of sickness. | Здоровье дороже денег. |
| Health is better than wealth. | Здоровье – главное богатство. |
| Eat less, live longer. | Здоровье – это не просто отсутствие болезни. |
| We eat to live, not live to eat. | Умеренность – мать здоровья. |
| The first wealth is health. | Мы едим, чтобы жить, а не живем, чтобы есть. |
2. Learn the words and word expressions:
| health | ['helθ] | здоровье |
| healthy | ['helθi] | здоровый |
| lifestyle | ['laifstail] | образ, стиль жизни |
| essential | [i'senʃiəl] | важный |
| to stuff | [stʌf] | пичкать, набивать |
| research | [ri'sə: ʧ] | исследование |
| to shorten | [ʃo:tn] | укоротить |
| to lead to… | [li:d] | привести к… |
| obesity | [ə'bi:siti] | ожирение |
| blood vessel | [blʌd vesl] | кровеносный сосуд |
| gastric | желудочный | |
| serious | ['siəriəs] | серьезный |
| ailment | недуг, недомогание, хворь, болячка | |
| to prevent | [pri'vent] | предотвращать |
| to keep fit | поддерживать себя в форме | |
| to go in for sports | заниматься (увлекаться) спортом | |
| lack of… (appetite) | [læk 'æpitait] | отсутствие, недостаток (аппетита) |
| to spend | тратить, проводить (время) | |
| regular moderate physical activity | ['regjulə] | регулярная умеренная физическая активность |
| necessary | ['nesəsəri] | необходимый |
| to protect | защищать | |
| strike | удар, инсульт | |
| heart disease | [ha:t] | болезнь сердца |
| harm | [ha:m] | вред |
| habit | привычка | |
| lung cancer | [lʌƞ 'kænsə] | рак легких |
| liver disease | [livə] | болезнь печени |
| brain | мозг | |
| muscles | [mʌslz] | мышцы |
| to avoid | [ə'void] | избегать |
| nervous | ['nə:vəs] | нервный |
| successful | [sək'sesful] | успешный |
| to follow | ['folou] | следовать, соблюдать |
| rule | [ru:l] | правило |
Make up phrases and translate them into Russian:
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… diseases: heart, liver, blood vessels, lung;
healthy …: lifestyle, diet, life, heart, liver, lungs, way of life;
… problems: heart, health, blood vessels, gastric, serious;
to follow …: the diet, the rules, one's advise;
lack of …: food, sleep, attention, time, air;
… habit: good, bad, healthy, harmful
to spend…: time, 3 hours, 2 years, money, one's life, the weekend;
…food: fast, fat, dietary, tasty, high-caloric, low-caloric;
well-balanced…: diet, food, breakfast, dinner, supper, dish;
to lead to…: obesity, heart diseases, blood vessels diseases, diabetes, gastric problems, essential problems with… (heart, lungs, liver).
4. Translate from English into Russian:
1. We cannot buy health, but we can do a lot to keep ourselves fit. 2. If you want to live a long healthy life – eat well and exercise regularly. 3. Regular physical activity protects us from many ailments. 4. To feel well we must move much, visit fitness clubs, go jogging, walk, swim and follow a healthy diet. 5. There is no place for bad habits in a healthy way of life. 6. Smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs can lead to serious problems with health. 7. Fast food shortens our life, it leads to obesity, heart and blood vessels diseases, diabetes, gastric problems and so on.
5. Read and translate the text:
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Today healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular both with the old and the young. They say that the greatest wealth is health. And it’s so true. The healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live.
A healthy diet is an essential part of staying healthy. We know that we should not stuff ourselves with fast food, sweets, sausages, pastry and fat food. Due to medical research, this type of food shortens our life, it leads to obesity, heart and blood vessels diseases, diabetes, gastric problems and lots of other serious ailments. To prevent all these problems we should eat well-balanced food with a lot of fruit, vegetables, dairy products, grains and seafood. We are what we eat.
Keeping fit and going in for sports is also important for our health. Lack of exercise in our life is a serious problem. In big cities people spend hours sitting in front of computers, TV-sets and other gadgets. We walk less because we mainly use cars and public transport. We certainly don’t have to be professional sportsmen, but we should visit fitness clubs, go jogging, walk much, swim, go cycling or roller-skating or just dance. Doctors say that regular moderate physical activity is necessary for our body because it protects us from strikes and heart diseases, flu and obesity.
We must understand the harm of bad habits for our health. Smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs mean serious illnesses and even death from lung cancer or liver diseases, for instance. Cigarettes kill about 3 million heavy-smokers every year. Drug addicts die very young. So I think there is no place for bad habits in a healthy way of life.
Taking a proper rest and getting enough sleep, from 8 to 10 hours daily, are also great healthy habits. Sleep is the food for our brain and the rest for our muscles. Moreover we should avoid getting nervous or worried for no reason.
Healthy way of life concerns our body, mind and soul. Healthy people live longer, they are more active and successful and they enjoy their life. I believe that it’s not difficult at all to follow these simple rules, and it is worth it.
6. Find in the text words and word expressions:
Здоровый образ жизни; более популярный; правильно, верно; лучше; важная часть; кондитерские изделия; согласно (чему-либо); приводит к ожирению; серьезные болезни; натуральные фрукты; хорошо сбалансированная домашняя еда; меньше; бегать рысцой; кататься на роликах; вред от плохих привычек; заядлые курильщики; правильный отдых; более того; без причины; это того стоит.
7. Finish up the sentences using the words below:
1. The greatest wealth … 2. The better we feel… 3. We should not stuff ourselves with … 4. Fast food shortens … 5. We should eat well-balanced food with a lot of … 6. Going in for sports is … 7. Lack of exercise is … 8. Regular moderate physical activity is … 9. To keep fit we must …
o fast food, sweets, pastry and fat food;
o a serious problem;
o is health;
o the longer we live;
o follow rules of health;
o our life;
o fruit, vegetables, dairy products, grains and seafood;
o important for our health;
o necessary for our body
8. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Наш мозг работает лучше, если мы спим 8 часов в сутки. 2. Правила здоровья очень просты (simple), но им необходимо (it is necessary) следовать. 3. Стрессы могут привести к нервным болезням. 4. Если хочешь быть здоровым, не проводи слишком много (too much) времени перед компьютером. 5. Курение может привести к проблемам с легкими. 6. Отсутствие аппетита – признак (the symptom) болезни. 7. Я люблю молочные продукты – они полезные (useful) и вкусные.
9. Answer the questions:
1. What is more important than wealth for us? 2. What is an essential part of staying healthy?
3. What food is harmful for us? 4. What food is useful for us? 5. Why is regular moderate physical activity necessary for our body? 6. What bad habits do the harm to our health? 7. What are the merits (достоинства) of healthy way of life?
