Sports and Healthy Lifestyle

 

Sport plays an important role in our life. Those people who go in for sports and control their weight are less susceptible to diseases. On the contrary, those people who don't participate in any physical activity and prefer fast food are subjected to obesity and the risk of heart and vascular diseases. The problem of obesity is one of the most serious in the modern world. Today more and more people are becoming overweight. Doing sports is a good solution of the problem, for it can help people to lose excessive weight and to stay fit.

The most popular team sports are football, volleyball, basketball and tennis. Some people prefer winter sports, such as figure-skating, ice-hockey, skating and skiing, while others are fond of summer sports, including diving, yachting and rafting. In summer swimming is enjoyed by millions of people, it helps them to be fit and strengthens their heart, lungs and muscles. Cycling is a useful exercise, too, because it takes you out and gives much work to all the muscles. A lot of people go in for track-and-field athletics, cycling, boxing, wrestling, gymnastics and so on.

A certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep the body in perfect condition. Our mental and bodily powers are strengthened when we use them and weakened if we don't. It is sport that helps to bring up physically strong and energetic people.

Thousands of ordinary people devote their spare time to going in for sports. When you ask them why they spend so much time, efforts and sometimes money on sports they talk about the physical benefits (feeling fit, increasing stamina, sleeping better, the chance of living a more active life), psychological benefits (self-discipline and respect, a sense of personal achievements, relaxation, getting rid of aggression) and social advantages (meeting people with similar interests, getting the team spirit and so on). Going in for sports is an essential part of our life, it gives us a lot of energy, develops muscles, makes us strong, quick and healthy.

From the medical point of view regular exercises have a beneficial effect on the development of the human skeleton and muscular system. Those who regularly goes in for sports have well expressed muscles, beautiful posture, their movements are easy. Under the influence of exercises, the bones of the skeleton acquire greater strength, the ligaments become strong, the amplitude of movements in the joints increases.

 

4. Insert the proper words:

 1. Sport plays an... role in our life. 2. The most popular team sports are... 3. Our mental and bodily powers are … when we use them and … if we don't. 4. Those people who don't participate in any physical activity and prefer fast food are subjected to... and the risk of heart and vascular... 5. Cycling is a useful exercise, because it gives much work to all the … 6. Exercises are necessary to keep the body in perfect … 7. Going in for sports gives us a lot of … 8. Sports has many physical, psychological and social …

 

5. Answer the questions:

1. Who is less susceptible to diseases? 2. Who is subjected to obesity and the risk of heart and vascular diseases? 3. What is one of the most serious in the modern world? 4. What is a good solution of the problem of obesity? 5. What are the most popular team sports? 6. What winter sports do you know? 7. What summer sports do you know?

 

6. Retell the text:

As for me, I do like sports. I usually wake up at 7 a.m. and go for a run or do my morning exercises indoors. Twice a week I take my fitness classes and go to the swimming pool. I am also fond of yoga which teaches me how to take care of my body properly and how to stay healthy, flexible and strong. In summer I like to play badminton and volleyball with my friends, while in winter I go to the skating rink. 

As for dieting, I am a follower of separate nutrition. When you eat separately you can eat almost anything but not at the same time. For instance, for breakfast I prefer a plate of oatmeal, a glass of orange juice and two apples. As is known, "an apple a day keeps a doctor away". For dinner I can eat fresh vegetables and some steamed fish. Besides, I prefer mineral water and fresh juices to fizzy drinks.

In conclusion, a healthy person doesn't smoke, eats healthy food and prefers doing sports to watching it.

 

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Заполните пропуски вспомогательным глаголом do/does в общих вопросах:

1. … gentlemen always do right things? 2. … good clothes make people feel comfortable? 3. … women live longer than men? 4. … the police defend people and property? 5. … your brother have enemies? 6. … you get free dental treatment? 7. … flamingos live in tropical and subtropical areas?

 

2. Постройте специальные вопросы с данными вопросительными словами:

1. Athletes take ice baths after competitions (when). 2. Elephants live only in Africa and Asia (where). 3. Dolphins sleep on the surface of the water (where). 4. Airlines usually have sales in January and February (when). 5. Cats usually stop growing at around 10 to 11 months (when). 6. Geese usually fly in a V formation (how). 7. People often have headaches when the weather is bad (when). 8. Leaves change colour and fall off the trees in autumn (when). 9. Animals communicate without words (how). 10. We use the Internet to communicate with people all over the world (what).

 

LESSON 17

DIET

It's very important to choose a balanced, healthy diet. Food is fuel for our mind and body and our health depends on what we eat.       

Medical research has shown that a diet which is low in fats, especially saturates, and rich in fruit and vegetables contributes to good health and can reduce the risk of certain serious ailments.

While keeping to any diet eat less salt, sugar and saturated fats which can be found in meat, dairy products, crisps, cakes, biscuits and chocolate. Eat more raw fruit and vegetables, whole meal bread and other foods rich in fibre (nuts, cereals, beans, etc.).

Check the "Contents" labels on packets and tins to see what they actually contain.
If you want to lose weight, do it gradually. People who lose weight quickly usually put it back on rather quickly. Eat regularly – your body needs a steady flow of energy. Never hurry up when you have a meal. Drink five or six glasses of water per day. Reduce the amount of sugar you put into drinks – tea or coffee. Don't add too much salt into dishes when you're cooking them or at the table. Instead add lemon juice, herbs or spices. To reduce the saturated fats in your diet you'd better grill food and choose low-fat cheese, milk, etc. Eat food rich in vitamins and minerals. Enjoy your food!
Good nutrition is important for good health. You need to eat the right foods to help prevent diseases and control your weight. To eat the right foods is especially vital for children because they grow.

 

LESSON 18

VITAMINS

The importance of vitamins for our health can hardly be overestimated. Vitamins and minerals are part of a healthy diet. Statistics says that today people all over the world consume too much calories and too little essential nutrients and vitamins. Lack of vitamins known as vitamin deficiency influences the state of our skin, hair, nails, teeth and bones. In more serious cases it can cause heavy diseases – spasms, loss of hair and teeth, loss of vision, hepatic disorders, skin diseases and many others.

There are over thirty vitamins. Vitamins don’t have any nutritional value, they don’t contain any calories and can’t serve as sources of energy. So to be healthy we need to eat several types of food: fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, milk products. Vitamins can be divided into two large groups: fat soluble and water soluble ones. Water soluble vitamins are dissolved in water, while the fat-soluble ones are dissolved only in fats. The first group includes vitamin C and B-group vitamins. Such vitamins as A, E, D and K belong to the second group and they can be stored in our organism. The most essential vitamins for children are D, C and A. For example, vitamin D is responsible for the healthy development of bone tissues and teeth. Its deficiency often causes rickets, which is especially dangerous for girls. People get it with sunshine, but if you live in the northern regions where sunny days occur not very often you should take enough vitamin D with food. It is contained, for example, in egg yolk, butter, cod liver oil. Babies get all vitamins with breast milk, so breastfeeding women should eat these products. Vitamin A is responsible for the growth and good vision. It’s contained in beef liver. Greenery, carrots, tomatoes, and some other vegetables contain a lot of carotene which is converted into vitamin A. As for vitamin C, it’s very important for the immune system. It can be found almost in all fresh fruit and vegetables, especially in kiwi, black currant and sweet pepper. Vitamin B9, which is also known as folic acid is a very important element for women. It is absolutely indispensable during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It also regulates nervous system activity and helps to combat depression. It is contained in green vegetables, liver, whole meal bread, honey. Vitamin E is one more “female” vitamin. It is a natural anti-oxidant, which inhibits the process of senescence, regulates the reproductive system activity and has a good effect on the state of skin, hair and nails. Sometimes it is even described as the “vitamin of beauty”. It can be found in crude vegetables oils and nuts. So, if you wish to be healthy, energetic and have a healthy appearance, pay careful attention to your diet. Try to choose natural food containing all basic vitamins and minerals. Your daily ration must include enough fresh fruit and vegetables, crude oil and wholegrain bread. Also try to eat fish or sea products at least twice a week.

LESSON 19

ИТОГОВОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ

 

1. Topics for dialogues:

ü My hobby.

ü My working day.

ü My native town.

ü Our college.

 

2. Speak on:

 

ü The secondary medical education in Russia.

ü Healthy lifestyle.

ü Healthy diet.

 

 

Литература

 

Основные источники:

1. Гуревич В.В., English stylistics. Стилистика английского языка [Электронный ресурс] / В.В. Гуревич - М.: ФЛИНТА, 2017. - 68 с. - ISBN 978-5-89349-814-1 - Режим доступа: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/book/ISBN9785893498141.html

 

Дополнительные источники:

1. Марковина И.Ю., Английский язык. Вводный курс [Электронный ресурс]: учебник / И.Ю. Марковина, Г.Е. Громова, С.В. Полоса - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. - 160 с.

Интернет-ресурсы:

1. Программы изучения английского языка. / Общий английский или английский для общения. – [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www. english.language.ru (Дата обращения 10.05. 2020).

2. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. The History of Medicine. CHFM. – [Электронный ресурс]. URL: www.wikipedia.org /wiki / (Дата обращения 10.05. 2020).

3. Учебные пособия по английскому языку для студентов медицинских учебных заведений [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www4medic.ru. (Дата обращения 10.05. 2020).